May 23, 2012
"I don’t like it, and I’m sorry I ever had anything to do with it."

This quote comes from none other than the father of Quantum Mechanics, none other than the famed scientist Erwin Schrodinger. QM is a notoriously difficult field of study, namely for the fact that tiny bits of matter — known as quantons — behave in strange, unpredictable ways individually.

Take a photon, for example. It is our name for the basic unit of light. However, a photon is incredibly small, only 0.5 x 10^-15 meters across (in comparison, a hydrogen atom is  100,000x larger!). Because of its tiny size, it is subject to the laws of quantum mechanics, and technically speaking, it can exist in more than one place at one time!

But this is just merely a morsel of the post I’m drafting up at the moment, I just wanted to tease you all a bit.

(via codeplexity)

May 23, 2012
"Einstein is the only figure in the physical sciences with a stature that can be compared with Newton. Newton is reported to have said “If I have seen further than other men, it is because I stood on the shoulders of giants.” This remark is even more true of Einstein who stood on the shoulders of Newton. Both Newton and Einstein put forward a theory of mechanics and a theory of gravity but Einstein was able to base General Relativity on the mathematical theory of curved spaces that had been constructed by Riemann while Newton had to develop his own mathematical machinery. It is therefore appropriate to acclaim Newton as the greatest figure in mathematical physics and the Principia is his greatest achievement."

— Stephen Hawking (via crookedindifference)

(Source: en.wikiquote.org, via scinerds)

May 21, 2012
ikenbot:

The Fabric of Space-time
Image: What happens to light as it passes through a point of space-time in where mass has been applied, as well as why objects in space orbit the way they do (planets, galaxies, clusters, etc.)
Also known as the Space-time Continuum, I’ve always been fascinated about the very space that holds the planet we live on, stars we see at night, solar system we observe, and supernovas we stargaze on telescopes. In astronomy you hear the term space-time get used a lot and I thought I’d highlight key features that describe what this fabric is. I find it odd that not that many people stop to think what holds us up, how are we suspended in space-time? Well, technically we’re not suspended. We’re constantly moving, constantly orbiting. And it’s not just Earth and the solar system joining in on this cosmic dance, you can include star clusters, galaxies, super clusters and even Blackholes, just about everything in our Universe. Keep in mind that even as you read this post, our solar system is orbiting the Milky Way galaxy, traveling at roughly 220 kilometers a second!
What is Space-time?

Einstein visualized gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time - the three space dimensions and a fourth time dimension. Most of us cannot visualize a curvature of four dimensional space-time, so visualize a curved two dimensional rubber sheet. Placing a mass on the rubber sheet curves it downward like space-time curves in the presence of a mass. On such a rubber sheet a small mass can circle around the curvature produced by a large mass, just as planets orbit the Sun. Or a mass can roll straight downward just as an object falls to the Earth. Space-time being the very “material” these events and masses take place on.
Einstein explained gravity as a result of the curvature of space-time near the presence of a mass. The differences between general relativity and Newton’s law of gravity only become noticeable when the gravitational force is very strong.
Einstein’s general theory of relativity is one of the crowning intellectual achievements of the 20th century and led to such predictions as black holes, gravitational lenses, and the expanding universe. So far it has passed every experimental test with flying colors.
Info via Suite101

ikenbot:

The Fabric of Space-time

Image: What happens to light as it passes through a point of space-time in where mass has been applied, as well as why objects in space orbit the way they do (planets, galaxies, clusters, etc.)

Also known as the Space-time Continuum, I’ve always been fascinated about the very space that holds the planet we live on, stars we see at night, solar system we observe, and supernovas we stargaze on telescopes. In astronomy you hear the term space-time get used a lot and I thought I’d highlight key features that describe what this fabric is. I find it odd that not that many people stop to think what holds us up, how are we suspended in space-time? Well, technically we’re not suspended. We’re constantly moving, constantly orbiting. And it’s not just Earth and the solar system joining in on this cosmic dance, you can include star clusters, galaxies, super clusters and even Blackholes, just about everything in our Universe. Keep in mind that even as you read this post, our solar system is orbiting the Milky Way galaxy, traveling at roughly 220 kilometers a second!

What is Space-time?

Einstein visualized gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time - the three space dimensions and a fourth time dimension. Most of us cannot visualize a curvature of four dimensional space-time, so visualize a curved two dimensional rubber sheet. Placing a mass on the rubber sheet curves it downward like space-time curves in the presence of a mass. On such a rubber sheet a small mass can circle around the curvature produced by a large mass, just as planets orbit the Sun. Or a mass can roll straight downward just as an object falls to the Earth. Space-time being the very “material” these events and masses take place on.

Einstein explained gravity as a result of the curvature of space-time near the presence of a mass. The differences between general relativity and Newton’s law of gravity only become noticeable when the gravitational force is very strong.

Einstein’s general theory of relativity is one of the crowning intellectual achievements of the 20th century and led to such predictions as black holes, gravitational lenses, and the expanding universe. So far it has passed every experimental test with flying colors.

Info via Suite101

(via scinerds)

May 15, 2012

beingblog:

Black Holes and the Sonic Song of the Universe

by Trent Gilliss, senior editor

As Gordon Hempton points out, silence isn’t necessarily an absence of sound but a presence all its own. And, in much the same way, physicist Janna Levin says, space isn’t necessarily quiet either. Working at her lab at Columbia University, she projects that the universe creates an aural footprint that “will be music to our ears because it will be the quiet echo of that moment of our creation of our observable universe.” If we can only pick it up…

In this presentation at TED 2011, she plays her projections of the sounds the universe makes — black holes merging and falling into one another, the “white noise of the Big Bang. It’ll make you wonder about the biggest questions at the core of what it means to be a sentient being in this universe or the next.

May 14, 2012
Hey, guys. Let’s take a moment to appreciate the fact that some physicist said to himself in all seriousness, “You know what? I’m going to call this book The Shaggy Steed of Physics and that is a great name.” Should have had a horse on the cover, David.Additionally, the books is extremely dramatic. Check out some highlights from the preface, sounding like the intro to a PG-13 fanfic: 
“The universe embraces with sensual presence.” 
“The sensual universe is open, available, immediate.” (SCORE!!!)
“Though veiled, the inner nature of the cosmos draws us. It invites us to find the underlying source of the motion of sun, moon, and stars, search out the primal form of all matter, and discover the unity of the earthy substances that excite the senses.” (Is that all, David?)
“For whom is this book intended? It is intended for lovers.”OK DAVID! Check out The Shaggy Steed of Physics today!!!!!!!

Hey, guys. Let’s take a moment to appreciate the fact that some physicist said to himself in all seriousness, “You know what? I’m going to call this book The Shaggy Steed of Physics and that is a great name.” Should have had a horse on the cover, David.

Additionally, the books is extremely dramatic. Check out some highlights from the preface, sounding like the intro to a PG-13 fanfic: 

“The universe embraces with sensual presence.” 

“The sensual universe is open, available, immediate.” (SCORE!!!)

“Though veiled, the inner nature of the cosmos draws us. It invites us to find the underlying source of the motion of sun, moon, and stars, search out the primal form of all matter, and discover the unity of the earthy substances that excite the senses.” (Is that all, David?)

“For whom is this book intended? It is intended for lovers.”

OK DAVID! Check out The Shaggy Steed of Physics today!!!!!!!

May 11, 2012

fuckyeahfeynman:

Today is Feynman’s 94th birthday. But it’s okay if you didn’t know that. 

Recognize.

May 10, 2012
Ah yiss part 2.

Ah yiss part 2.

(Source: einsteiner)

May 8, 2012
"

Try as we might to invent a reasonable theory that can explain how a photon “makes up its mind” whether to go through glass or bounce back, it is impossible to predict which way a photon will go.

Philosophers have said that if the same circumstances don’t always produce the same results, predictions are impossible and science will collapse. Here is a circumstance—identical photons are always coming down in the same direction to the same piece of glass—that produces different results.

"

Richard Feynman [in QED: the strange theory of light and matter]

He continues with:

“We cannot predict whether a given photon will arrive at A or B. All we can predict is that out of 100 photons that come down, an average of 4 will be reflected by the front surface. Does this mean that physics, a science of great exactitude, has been reduced to calculating only the probability of an event, and not predicting exactly what will happen? Yes. That’s a retreat, but that’s the way it is: Nature permits us to calculate only probabilities. Yet science has not collapsed.”

(via blindmen6)

May 8, 2012
Ah yiss.
sinestra3:

I’m sorry, I had to… 

Ah yiss.

sinestra3:

I’m sorry, I had to… 

May 1, 2012
The Boltzmann Lament

No greater love, some chemists say,
than that of Boltzmann and his k.
The constant made him quite afflicted
and to an early grave (he self-inflicted).

How can we live with this duplicity
in a world of endless multiplicities?
I once tried to clean my room, you see,
But the universe increased its entropy.

Could anyone ever truly follow
such a sad lifetime full of sorrow?
For we’re all alone with these notations,
even with Maxwell’s relations. 

And oh, what would good old NIST
possibly begin to think about of all this?
But alas, there was nowhere to start
for questions put forth by the heart.

We’re star-crossed lovers, pchem and I,
And I understand why Boltzmann cried.
When asked if I would marry, would I say yes?
I could only yell my reply: VdP plus TdS!

I couldn’t stop, I couldn’t end it,
What’s the use, I cannot mend it!
I am feeling warm, I need a refresher.
What was constant, temperature or pressure?

Oh, the probability density may disappoint,
But I get faint at the thought of the triple point.
And energies, like jewels, they sing to me.
Especially in exponent, divided by kT.

They said, are you hungry? You look faint ‘round the eyes.
I looked up from my work, full of surprise.
I could not eat in all my frustration
when calculating the partition for vibration. 

“Electronic, translation, rotation!” I gasped.
Each was more beautiful than the last.
And with gases ideal, I knew what to do.
The free energy was minus kT ln of Q. 

I think the spirit of Boltzmann has me possessed
For I spent two weeks deciding which I liked best,
those energies, potential or kinetic.
I think these problems are genetic.

Boltzmann, soon we shall meet,
Hand in hand, Einstein we shall greet.
In the meantime, though, I’ve got just the ticket:
Let’s apply Arrhenius to those hyper crickets.


By: Maria Moutsoglou, entangled
For Dr. Hirko’s spring 2012 graduate statistical mechanics/thermodynamics course. 

April 26, 2012
scinerds:

Researchers claim quantum breakthrough
Researchers say they have designed a tiny crystal that acts like a quantum computer so powerful it would take a computer the size of the known universe to match it.
Details of the crystal, which is made up of just 300 atoms, are published today in the journal Nature.
“Quantum computing is a kind of information science that is based on the notion that if one performs computations in a fundamentally different way than the way your classical desktop computer works,” says study co-author University of Sydney’s Dr Michael Biercuk.
“There’s a huge potential to solve a variety of problems that are very, very hard or near impossible for standard computer.”
The crystal simulator uses a property of quantum mechanics called superposition, where a quantum particle appears to be in two distinct states at the same time. This means the particle, known as a qubit, can be used to solve two equations simultaneously.
As the number of qubits increase, the number or states increases exponentially. For example, 2 qubits can simultaneously be in 4 states, 3 qubits in 8 states: 2 to the power of n states for n qubits.
[Photo Source: Britton/NIST]
Read More

scinerds:

Researchers claim quantum breakthrough

Researchers say they have designed a tiny crystal that acts like a quantum computer so powerful it would take a computer the size of the known universe to match it.

Details of the crystal, which is made up of just 300 atoms, are published today in the journal Nature.

“Quantum computing is a kind of information science that is based on the notion that if one performs computations in a fundamentally different way than the way your classical desktop computer works,” says study co-author University of Sydney’s Dr Michael Biercuk.

“There’s a huge potential to solve a variety of problems that are very, very hard or near impossible for standard computer.”

The crystal simulator uses a property of quantum mechanics called superposition, where a quantum particle appears to be in two distinct states at the same time. This means the particle, known as a qubit, can be used to solve two equations simultaneously.

As the number of qubits increase, the number or states increases exponentially. For example, 2 qubits can simultaneously be in 4 states, 3 qubits in 8 states: 2 to the power of n states for n qubits.

[Photo Source: Britton/NIST]

Read More

April 25, 2012
theatlantic:

Has Physics Made Philosophy and Religion Obsolete?

You were recently quoted as saying that philosophy “hasn’t progressed in two thousand years.” But computer science, particularly research into artificial intelligence was to a large degree built on foundational work done by philosophers in logic and other formal languages. And certainly philosophers like John Rawls have been immensely influential in fields like political science and public policy. Do you view those as legitimate achievements?
Krauss: Well, yeah, I mean, look I was being provocative, as I tend to do every now and then in order to get people’s attention. There are areas of philosophy that are important, but I think of them as being subsumed by other fields. In the case of descriptive philosophy you have literature or logic, which in my view is really mathematics. Formal logic is mathematics, and there are philosophers like Wittgenstein that are very mathematical, but what they’re really doing is mathematics—-it’s not talking about things that have affected computer science, it’s mathematical logic. And again, I think of the interesting work in philosophy as being subsumed by other disciplines like history, literature, and to some extent political science insofar as ethics can be said to fall under that heading. To me what philosophy does best is reflect on knowledge that’s generated in other areas.
I’m not sure that’s right. I think that in some cases philosophy actually generates new fields. Computer science is a perfect example. Certainly philosophical work in logic can be said to have been subsumed by computer science, but subsumed might be the wrong word—-
Krauss: Well, you name me the philosophers that did key work for computer science; I think of John Von Neumann and other mathematicians, and—-
But Bertrand Russell paved the way for Von Neumann.
Krauss: But Bertrand Russell was a mathematician. I mean, he was a philosopher too and he was interested in the philosophical foundations of mathematics, but by the way, when he wrote about the philosophical foundations of mathematics, what did he do? He got it wrong. 
Read the rest of the interview.

theatlantic:

Has Physics Made Philosophy and Religion Obsolete?

You were recently quoted as saying that philosophy “hasn’t progressed in two thousand years.” But computer science, particularly research into artificial intelligence was to a large degree built on foundational work done by philosophers in logic and other formal languages. And certainly philosophers like John Rawls have been immensely influential in fields like political science and public policy. Do you view those as legitimate achievements?

Krauss: Well, yeah, I mean, look I was being provocative, as I tend to do every now and then in order to get people’s attention. There are areas of philosophy that are important, but I think of them as being subsumed by other fields. In the case of descriptive philosophy you have literature or logic, which in my view is really mathematics. Formal logic is mathematics, and there are philosophers like Wittgenstein that are very mathematical, but what they’re really doing is mathematics—-it’s not talking about things that have affected computer science, it’s mathematical logic. And again, I think of the interesting work in philosophy as being subsumed by other disciplines like history, literature, and to some extent political science insofar as ethics can be said to fall under that heading. To me what philosophy does best is reflect on knowledge that’s generated in other areas.

I’m not sure that’s right. I think that in some cases philosophy actually generates new fields. Computer science is a perfect example. Certainly philosophical work in logic can be said to have been subsumed by computer science, but subsumed might be the wrong word—-

Krauss: Well, you name me the philosophers that did key work for computer science; I think of John Von Neumann and other mathematicians, and—-

But Bertrand Russell paved the way for Von Neumann.

Krauss: But Bertrand Russell was a mathematician. I mean, he was a philosopher too and he was interested in the philosophical foundations of mathematics, but by the way, when he wrote about the philosophical foundations of mathematics, what did he do? He got it wrong. 

Read the rest of the interview.

April 16, 2012

quantumaniac:

Famous Physicists as Children

From left to right: 

Stephen Hawking (b. 1942) - Most well known for Hawking radiation and theorems involving gravitational singularities. He suffers from ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease - and is one of the most well known scientists of our time. 

Neil deGrasse Tyson (b. 1958) - Currently the director of the Hayden Planetarium at the Rose Center for Earth and Space, Tyson is one of the leading science advocates in the world - and was one of the men who supported the demotion of Pluto.  

Carl Sagan (1934-1996) - One of the most successful science popularizers of all time, Sagan was also the bestselling author of Cosmos, one of the most popular science books of all time. He was the first to propose that Jupiter’s moons Titan and Europa may hold liquid components of water on them. 

Albert Einstein (1879-1955) - The most well known genius in history, Albert Einstein was a boss. During his career, he revolutionized almost every area of Physics, including quantum mechanics and he effectively founded the study of Cosmology. His theory of general relativity has been wildly successful, despite ‘attacks’ by neutrinos. 

Richard Feynman (1918-1988) - His most important contributions came via his path integral formulation of quantum mechanics and development of Quantum Electrodynamics (QED). Plus, he was a total badass. 

(via discoverynews)

April 14, 2012

(Source: scienceisbeauty)